نشریه طب کار
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 42، بهار 1400)

 In most industrial environments, people are exposed to noise daily. Exposure to this physical hazard can lead to cognitive impairment in individuals. Noise, like all pollutants, reduces the quality of life and causes significant mood disorders in people. The present study examines a set of cognitive factors to assess the mental health status of workers in terms of depression and stress in a noisy workplace.

 In a descriptive-analytical study in 1399, 1100 steelworkers were evaluated to determine the degree of depression and mood swings. The data were analyzed through a public call at the Isfahan Steel Plant. ISO 9612 (2009) standard was used to measure the sound pressure level. In addition to conducting clinical interviews, subjects answered the BAKK Depression Inventory and the DASS-42 Inventory Depression Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (v. 22).

 Based on the findings of the study, annoying noise (above 85 decibels) had a significant effect on age factor on depression, marital status factor on anxiety, and shift factor on stress and self-criticism of employees (p <0.05). The mean of the stress variable in the case group was significantly higher than the control group (p <0.001), which indicates the effect of sound intensity level on increasing stress and depression in a noisy environment.

 The results of this study: Occupational noise higher than the standard 85 dB can have devastating effects on moods and various dimensions of workerschr('39') cognitive status.

 Physical postures at work and occupational conditions are among the important risk factors that increase the prevalence of varicose veins. These include prolonged standing and tedious postures that are unavoidable in the hairdressing profession. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of foot varicose veins and occupational and demographic factors in hairdressers.

 This cross-sectional-correlational study was conducted on 90 hairdressers in Gonabad in 2015. The participants were selected using a random method. After completing the demographic information questionnaire, the samples were examined according to CEAP criteria (clinical findings, etiology, anatomical findings, and pathophysiology). The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher, and independent t-tests using SPSS software version 20 at a significance level of p <0.05.

 Out of 90 patients, 45 were male, and 45 were female, and (77.8%) had an average working time of more than 6 hours. Most of the men (51.1%) and women (53.3%) had varicose veins of the lower extremities of both limbs. The relationship between varicose veins of hairdressers and education (P = 0.031), work experience (P = 0.043), regular exercise (p = 0.012), smoking (P = 0.009) was significant.

 The present study results indicate the high prevalence of lower limb varicose veins in hairdressers. This disorder causes many mental and physical disorders and ultimately affects the individualchr('39')s work efficiency, so controlling risk factors and preventing this complication in hairdressers seems necessary.

 workplace incivility is one of the subtle forms of interpersonal and organizational abuse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causal relationship between job demands and workplace incivility with the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of perceived organizational support in an industrial company employee.

 In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population was all employees of Bojnourd Cement Company, and 321 workers were selected according to the Cochran formula and by a simple random sampling method. The research data were collected using the Cortina et al. (2001) workplace incivility questionnaires, Jong et al. (1993) job demands, Maslachchr('39')s emotional exhaustion (1981), and Eisenberger et al. (1986) perceived organizational support. SPSS and AMOS 23 software were used for data analysis.

 The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit. Job demands have a direct and indirect effect through emotional exhaustion on workplace incivility (p> 0.0001). The results also showed that the interaction of job demands and perceived organizational support, beyond the effects of the main variables, produced 1.5% added monopoly variance (R2Δ = 0.015, FΔ = 49.50, P <0.05) for the model.

 The results showed the importance of organizational support as a moderator and emotional exhaustion as a mediator between the relationship between job demands and workplace incivility. Therefore, organizations can reduce emotional exhaustion and workplace incivility by reducing their job demands. Supportive programs are also suggested to reduce the impact of job demands on workplace incivility.

About 60 to 90 percent of an accident in the industry is caused by human error. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of safety procedures in reducing human error in Yazd Combined Cycle Power Plant employees.

 The present study is a quasi-experimental intervention that was conducted aimed to measure the human error of 121 employees of Yazd Combined Cycle Power Plant in 5 occupational groups (safety and firefighting, generator operation, generator operation, chemical refinery, warehouse keeping, and generator repair) in 2020. First, job safety analysis (JSA) was performed. Safety procedures related to each job were prepared, and with the help of their items and observing the process of doing work, the percentage of human error before and after the investigation was calculated. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical indicators including mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range, frequency and frequency percentage, and Wilcoxon nonparametric test by SPSS software version 24. The significance level was considered 0.05.

 A study on five main jobs, according to Wilcoxon test results showed, the highest and lowest human error percent before the intervention was related to generator repair occupational groups (58.59%) and warehouse keeping (4.16%). A significant difference was between human error percent before (433.41 ± 35.14) and after (440.21 ± 29.29) the intervention (p <0.001).

 This study showed that performing job safety analysis and implementing safety procedures related to each job will decrease peoplechr('39')s human error percent. Therefore, the implementation of safety procedures related to each job was suggested to the industry. This procedure must be obtained by careful job analysis, and an appropriate procedure should be developed using a panel of experts.

The effect of musculoskeletal disorders and its association with negative affect in nurses has been less studied; Due to the need to find practical factors in preventing musculoskeletal disorders, the present study conducted to determine the relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and negative affect in nurses.

The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017. A total of 334 nurses included in the study. Data collection tools included a demographic form, the depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire (DASS-21), and the Nordic questionnaire that were self-reported. The instruments used after psychometric analysis. Data analysis performed using descriptive analysis and regression tests performed using SPSS software version 19. The significance level considered to be 0.05.

The results showed that the prevalence of stress in nurses was higher than depression and anxiety. The most common musculoskeletal disorders were in the back and neck. Between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in all areas of the body except the back and depression, anxiety, and stress found a significant association.

The above results showed that nurses had experienced degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress that can play a role in the development of skeletal disorders, so safety training methods are recommended for nurses to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. In turn, it can be useful in reducing the prevalence of skeletal and muscular disorders.

 the nursing profession is in the group of high-stress occupations. Mindfulness is a specific attitude towards the experience that relies on the two elements of present and acceptance. This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness and job stress in nurses.

 In this descriptive correlational study, 270 nurses working in Panj Azar Hospital in Gorgan were included in the study via convenience sampling. The instruments were a demographic checklist and two standard questionnaires, including the Brown and Ryan mindfulness questionnaire and Tuft and Anderson nursing job stress questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS17 software at the statistical level of 0.05 (p≤ 0.05). 

 According to the results, the nurses of Panj Azar Hospital, with an average score of about 80.93%, suffer from moderate job stress. This variable has a significant relationship with gender and marriage. In this study, the average score of nurseschr('39') mindfulness is about 72.20. The results also showed a negative correlation (-0.24) between mindfulness and job stress. 

 The mindfulness variable can predict nurseschr('39') job stress. Therefore, the nurses who have more mindfulness experience lower stress.

 Morality is very important in human life because human humanity is formed when moral values are crystallized in him. Every human being is evaluated to the extent of the emergence of moral values in thoughts, speech, and behavior, the first manifestation of a person in society is that personchr('39')s morality. To increase the impact of professional ethics, it is necessary to have patterns that are consistent with culture and society, and by recognizing them, the dimensions of safe behavior by accountants can be explored.

 This research is based on a combined method. Because in this research, both quantitative and qualitative approaches have been used in data collection and analysis, a combination of findings and conclusions. In the present study, data collection has been done through library and field research methods. Statistics consists of theoretical texts related to accounting professional ethics. In this study, using a researcher-made questionnaire, effective criteria based on previous research were identified and finally, 25 sub-components in the form of 5 indicators were identified as the most important factors of professional ethics. In this study, NVIVO software (in the content analysis section) Used.

 According to experts, the components of professionalism and organization are more important than other criteria and affect the sustainable development of safe behavior and professional ethics of the accountant.

 By understanding the professional ethics of accountants and identifying its basic components in different dimensions and determining the importance of each of them, a specific framework or format for accountants to observe or not to observe professional ethics and the desire to act based on Design and implement a code of professional conduct to reduce unsafe behaviors and, as a result, reduce the incidence of accidents in the countrychr('39')s industries.

 Nowadays, most industries in Iran constitute a large proportion of workerschr('39') activities in Manual Material Handling. Musculoskeletal disorders are areas of erosive and inflammatory conditions that occur in the form of pain and discomfort in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, peripheral nerves, blood vessels. Working hours, absenteeism, increasing work restrictions, job changes and disability and impose many economic consequences on the individual, organization, and society.

 The present study was conducted to review the studies of Manual Material Handling by different methods in Iran from 2010 to 2020. The general process of the present study included searching for articles invalid national and international databases. After selecting the articles, the necessary information was extracted and analyzed. In general, based on the inclusion criteria, only studies that used NIOSH, KIM, SNOOK, 3DSSPP, WISHA, UTAH, MAC, ART, and manual handling regulations in Iran, were reviewed.

 15 English articles and 50 Persian articles were found, of which 44 articles were deleted based on the exclusion criteria, and 21 articles were selected for this study and entered into the final analysis.

 The highest number of studies was conducted in Hamedan, Tehran, Mallard, Shiraz, and Qazvin, respectively NIOSH, KIM and 3DSSPP were the three methods used with the highest number of studies in the field of Manual Material Handling in industry. Most workplace studies were conducted in the casting, food industry, tile industry, and hospital.